How to Write and Format a Business Case Study

Business case studies are teaching tools that are used by many business schools, colleges, universities, and corporate training programs. This method of teaching is known as the case method. Most business case studies are written by educators, executives or heavily educated business consultants. However, there are times when students are asked to conduct and write their own business case studies. For example, students may be asked to create a case study as a final assignment or group project. Student-created case studies may even be used as a teaching tool or a basis for class discussion. Writing a Business Case Study When you write a case study, you must write with the reader in mind. The case study should be set up so that the reader is forced to analyze situations, draw conclusions, and make recommendations based on their predictions. If you arent overly familiar with case studies, you may be wondering how to best organize your writing. To help you get started, lets take a look at the most common ways to structure and format a business case study.   Case Study Structure and Format Although every business case study is a little different, there are a few elements that every case study has in common. Every case study has an original title. Titles vary but usually include the name of the company as well as a little info about the case scenario in ten words or less. Examples of real case study titles include Design Thinking and Innovation at Apple and Starbucks: Delivering Customer Service. All cases are written with a learning objective in mind. The objective might be designed to impart knowledge, build a skill, challenge the learner, or develop an ability. After reading and analyzing the case, the student should know about something or be able to do something. An example objective might look like this: After analyzing the case study, the student will be able to demonstrate knowledge of approaches to marketing segmentation, differentiate between potential core customer bases and recommend a brand positioning strategy for XYZs newest product. Most case studies assume a story-like format. They often have a protagonist with an important goal or decision to make. The narrative is usually weaved throughout the study, which also includes sufficient background information about the company, situation, and essential people or elements. There should be enough detail to allow the reader to form an educated assumption and make an informed decision about the questions (usually two to five questions) presented in the case. The Case Study Protagonist Case studies should have a protagonist that needs to make a decision. This forces the case reader to assume the role of the protagonist and make choices from a particular perspective. An example of a case study protagonist is a branding manager who has two months to decide on a positioning strategy for a new product that could financially make or break the company. When writing the case, it is important to ensure that your protagonist is  developed and compelling enough to engage the reader.   The Case Study Narrative/Situation The narrative of a case study starts with an introduction to the protagonist, her role and responsibilities, and the situation/scenario that she is facing. Information is provided on the decisions the protagonist needs to make. Details include challenges and constraints related to the decision (such as a deadline) as well as any biases the protagonist might have. The next section offers up background information on the company and its business model, industry and competitors. The case study then covers challenges and issues faced by the protagonist as well as the consequences associated with the decision that the protagonist needs to make. Exhibits and extra documents, like financial statements, might be included in the case study to help students reach a decision about the best course of action.   The Deciding Point The conclusion of a case study returns to the main question or problem that must be analyzed and solved by the protagonist. Case study readers are expected to step into the role of the protagonist and answer the question or questions presented in the case studies. In most cases, there are multiple ways to answer the case question, which allows for classroom discussion and debate.

Psychodynamic Approaches And The Psychodynamic Approach

The purpose of understanding and utilizing a variety of psychodynamic approaches is for the humanistic well-being, in connection with the client using a client –centered therapeutic approach. The reason for using a psychodynamic approach is unveiling the conscious and unconscious mind, from the client’s emotional state of mind. The psychodynamic approach focuses on the beginning stages of the clients childhood years, typically analyzing events from birth breaking from six years old. The human mind unconscious and conscious state determines who we are and how we will be from our past carrying over to our present, and dictating our future. Henceforth, the effects of our state of mind come from past events in our subconscious mind, which plays a major role in our adult life. As an illustration, Sigmund Fraud, a psychologist theoretical ordained the importance of childhood events, which play a major part in our daily lives. The definition of psychodynamic approach is uncons cious thoughts, pressures of society, family events, people’s childhood event, and biological forces. A professional person in the area of psychology must be in tune, with the client using empathy and code of ethics. For example, the theories are psychoanalysis, analytical, or individual approach which deals with the person’s state of well-being. Second, the therapeutic sides explore a ray of techniques from a psychodynamic approach, with an umbrella for therapeutic approaches using Psychoanalysis,Show MoreRelatedDiscuss What Makes the Psychodynamic Approach Unique. Refer to Other Approaches in Your Answer. (12 Marks)1115 Words   |  5 Pagesteacher ‘why are there so many approaches to psychology?’ Their teacher replies ‘ Because each has something different to offer to our understanding of behaviour, making each approach unique.’ Discuss what makes the psychodynamic approach unique. Refer to other approaches in your answer. (12 marks) In terms of human behaviour, psychology provides alternative perspectives, known as approaches, which give explanation to human behaviours. What makes each approach unique is that they all have theirRead MoreCognitive Theories And Theories Of Psychology1526 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many approaches that psychologists have developed in order to understand certain behavior. The most common approaches in psychology are psychodynamic, behavior, cognitive, humanistic, and biological approaches. The ultimate goal of each method is to help individuals change unhealthy thoughts, behaviors, and emotions. However, these different approaches use different techniques to form assumptions and explanations about abnormality. In this essay, cognitive and psychodynamic are the two approachesRead MoreDifferent Styles And Modes Of Treatment1086 Words   |  5 PagesThe process of therapy includes various styles and modes of treatment. These different styles can be utilized during couples, family and individual counseling. There are also different techniques, theories, and approaches that a therapist can use throughout this process. Many therapists may be specialized in one area of counseling. One that is trained in individual therapy only is typically not adequately prepared to do couple’s therapy. It would be beneficial for a therapist to be trained in eachRead MoreFour Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology1803 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many approaches to clinical psychology; the four major approaches are in psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, and family systems. Using the four major approaches contributes to the effectiveness in treatment by identifying the goals of each approach. The paper will break down the approaches, goals, techniques, and the overall approaches used. Philosophical Origins of Clinical Psychology ApproachesAs Thomas Plante (2005) cleverly suggested, clinical psychology is both a scienceRead MorePersonality Analysis Paper1521 Words   |  7 Pagesacross people† (Allport, 1962). Although there are several approaches to the personality analysis, this paper will specifically focus on the psychodynamic, humanistic and existential approaches. This paper will compare and contrast these theories, explore the characteristics that accompany these theories, and explain the interpersonal relational aspects associated with these particular theories. Psychodynamic Theory The theory of psychodynamics is the basic study of all psychological abilities thatRead MorePsychological Theories Of Psychology And Psychology1143 Words   |  5 Pagesmainstream psychological approaches fall under several main categories namely psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, and developmental approaches. These psychological theories play a significant role in psychopathology. This paper describes the psychodynamic approach and explains how the theory views the person in general. This paper also explains how the theory works with psychopathology and explains treatment modality in respect to this the theory. The psychodynamic approach originated fromRead Moremodels and approaches relate to client need, therapeutic context and aims and objectives of the therapy.1106 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Through analysis and evaluation of models and approaches within counselling and psychotherapy therapeutic delivery, explain how models and approaches relate to client need, therapeutic context and aims and objectives of the therapy. Psychotherapists will be educated in various different models and whether they are approaching a client through the concept of observing external behaviours, the Behaviourist approach for example in which a therapist will look to condition new behaviours, or throughRead MoreEvaluating the Main Theories of Counselling Essay1695 Words   |  7 Pagescounselling within the module covered this term. The three approaches in discussion are psychodynamics, cognitive behavioural and humanistic. The psychodynamic theory originated from Sigmund Freud, a medical doctor and philosopher (1856 - 1939) founded in the 1900s. Freud developed his ideas whilst working as a psychiatrist in Vienna, collecting information from his patients such as feelings, thoughts and early childhood experiences. The psychodynamic theory focuses on the unconscious mind. Freud’sRead MoreSystemic Psychodynamic Coaching in the Workplace1429 Words   |  6 PagesSystemic Psychodynamic Coaching in the Workplace: Workplace coaching is a term that refers to the process of equipping people in the working environment with necessary tools, opportunities, and knowledge for total development in order to enhance their effectiveness from an individual, organizational, and work perspective. Workplace coaching has emerged as a major concept in modern organizations since leaders, researchers, and organizations have identified it as a crucial competency in leadershipRead MoreAssess the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Psychodynamic Approach to Understanding Personality1681 Words   |  7 PagesStrengths and Weaknesses of the Psychodynamic approach to understanding personality The psychodynamic approach was proposed by Freud. This approach towards personality is based on the notion of underlying forces such as the id, ego and superego which are either present from birth or develop during childhood shape our behaviour and personality as such. Experiences in childhood are proposed to be the basis of human personality, according to Freud and as such Psychodynamic theory proposes that some undesirable

Contribution Of Health To Economic Growth Economics Essay Free Essays

The linkage between wellness status and economic activity has been debated several times in the yesteryear, and this issue became even more of import in the last few old ages. This relationship is instead complex. It has been already recognized that increased national wealth is linked with betterment of wellness at single and social degree. We will write a custom essay sample on Contribution Of Health To Economic Growth Economics Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, it is clear that improved wellness status has an consequence on economic activity and extent of economic growing. Several surveies in high- , middle- , and low-income states examined this linkage. These show that a important displacement in paradigm is discernible. Harmonizing to the new paradigm wellness was non considered as a pure byproduct of economic development, but as a cardinal factor and basic status for economic growing. This manner puting in wellness became a nucleus portion in many states ‘ development schemes and policies. At European degree the purpose of a competitory and dynamic cognition based community was set, enabling sustainable economic growing, invention and a stronger social coherence. The issue of part of human capital to economic growing was the footing for several treatments and analyses. Until now instruction was considered as the chief constituent of human capital. In the context of the neo-classical theory, economic growing is dependent on the undermentioned factors: stock of capital, stock of labour and productiveness. Productivity was considered in the first clip as a factor affected by outside forces. Subsequently on this point of position changed by looking at the investing into human capital as a possible beginning for heightening productiveness and invention. A research of Becker ( 1964 ) was based on the human capital formation. Harmonizing to him an addition in human capital raises the person ‘s productiveness. It is reached through investing into instruction, developing and wellness. The function of wellness as another of import constituent of human capital next to instruction was introduced by Grossman ( 1972 ) . Grossman constructed a theoretical account where the demand for wellness was applied in human capital theory. Grossman differentiated wellness as a ingestion good and as a capital good. In the instance of the ingestion good people practically enjoy their well-being and good wellness status. When looking at wellness as a capital good it reduces the figure of yearss spent badly. This manner it enhances the figure of productive on the job yearss and yearss spent for leisure activities. In this context wellness is non merely consumed ( enjoyed by persons ) , but produced at the same clip as good. Persons can put into wellness to keep and better it over clip. The theoretical account of Grossman received critics as good, but remained a cardinal theoretical account of analyzing the demand for wellness. Figure 1: Factors act uponing wellness and results Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //europa.eu.int/comm/health/ph_determinants/healthdeterminants_en.htm Figure 1 represents factors finding the wellness position at single and at society degree, and different channels through which wellness contributes to economic activity. On the left side factors are presented impacting wellness of persons: genetic sciences ( inherited ) life style, instruction, wellness attention and other socioeconomic and environmental factors. Many exogenic factors impacting the wellness position can be influenced by public policies. On the right side different ways are presented through which wellness exerts a direct consequence on economic results. When analyzing the linkage between wellness and economic growing the feedback of income on wellness should be taken into consideration excessively. Marmot ( 2002 ) provinces there are two ways of through which income influences wellness status. On one manus higher income can hold a direct affect on stuff conditions holding a positive impact on biological endurance. On the other manus higher income positively influences societal engagement. Therefore, persons have better conditions to pull off life fortunes and heighten the feeling of security. Based on Figure 1 there are four chief channels or mechanisms where the consequence of wellness on the economic system is explained. Labor productiveness Peoples with a good wellness position can bring forth more within a defined clip interval. Higher productiveness is arising from better physical and mental wellness. Furthermore, persons with improved physical and mental position can utilize engineering more efficient and they are expected to be more flexible excessively. Labor supply The direct consequence of wellness on the labour supply is non obvious in some instances. Good wellness status reduces the figure of ill yearss spent, therefore increasing the figure of productive on the job yearss. In this sense it influences determinations on labour supply every bit good, because of its impact on rewards and expected life-time. In the instance when rewards are connected to productivity a healthier worker can bring forth more, therefore heightening rewards and this manner the labour supply. On the other manus a better wellness position enables higher lifetime net incomes increasing the hazard of earlier backdown from working. The decision can be drawn that these effects are based on single penchants. Based on this wellness can impact the economic system in a similar manner as wellness affect single penchants. Education Based on the theory of human capital more educated people can make higher criterions in footings of productiveness and net incomes. With a good wellness persons can accomplish higher educational making lending significantly to future productiveness. Capital Formation The cardinal point here is, whether the effects of wellness at the micro degree are successfully applicable at macro or state degree, in footings of GDP and growing rate. The mentioned theoretical theoretical accounts already assumed that there should be a positive relationship. Now analyzing several empirical surveies the necessary grounds can be collected to do more accurate judgement sing this relationship. In first line, historical surveies contributed significantly to the research of this issue. Robert Fogel was considered as the innovator of the historical survey attack. These surveies examined the part of wellness to economic growing over a longer clip period ( 1-2 centuries ) . Fogel ( 1994 ) found that the development in wellness and nutriment resulted a 30 % addition in income and 1.15 % per capita in the instance of the UK, within two centuries. Researchers paid less attending to the part of wellness to economic growing in the instance of high-income states. Just a few surveies were made finding the impact of wellness on growing specifically. Some of them found even a negative relation between wellness and economic betterment, but this was chiefly due to the usage of imperfect wellness indexs and the institutional policy model for these states. Despite the few negative consequences wellness still remained as a robust determiner for economic growing. The most normally used placeholders for wellness are life anticipation and grownup mortality. Knowles and Owen ( 1997 ) made a research on 22 high-income states utilizing life anticipation as a placeholder for wellness and found an undistinguished relationship between wellness and economic growing. The consequences were adjusted by Tompa ( 2002 ) , where he stated that the undistinguished result of the survey was due to limited variableness of life anticipation within the chosen sample of states. More important consequences were achieved by Beraldo et Al. ( 2005 ) . He found that investings in wellness consequence a 16-27 % addition in growing rates. The work by Suhrcke and Urban ( 2005 ) followed a somewhat different manner by utilizing other indexs. They used non-communicable diseases as a footing to analyze the impact of wellness on growing in high-income states in a better manner. More specifically, cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) was used as a placeholder for wellness. 26 high income states were taken as a sample in the clip period of 40 old ages. Consequences showed that CVD is a robust index in the instance of high-income states. A decrease of 10 % in CVD resulted an addition in the growing rate of per capita GDP by 1 per centum point. The consequences of empirical surveies show that merely appropriate factors enable the accurate scrutiny of the relationship between wellness and economic growing. The best indexs are life anticipation and mortality rate, but in add-on CVD is good every bit good, because it shows more variableness among high-income states than life anticipation does. Furthermore, mental illness and other morbidity indexs for rich states are suggested by Tompa ( 2002 ) . How to cite Contribution Of Health To Economic Growth Economics Essay, Essay examples

Capable of Reducing Average Costs †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Capable of Reducing Average Costs. Answer: Introduction: CSR and Boral were able to operate as distinct companies before the fall in demand because there was a high demand hence each was able to make sales before the diseconomies of scale set in due to the falling productivity. Economies of scale (EoS) describes cost-advantages which emerges following the enlarged product output. The EoS emerges since the reciprocal association between produced output and the per unit fixed cost (FC); i.e. the greater the product quantity produced, the lower per unit FC since such a cost remain spread out across the bigger product numbers. The EoS could further reduce variables costs a unit because of synergies and efficiencies of operations. The economies of scale is categorized in to two main types, internal as well as external. Internal EoS emerges from within the firm whereas the external EoS arise from extraneous variables like size of the industry. A merger is feasible in this case between CSR and Boral joining together to establish an oligopoly. The novel oligopoly organization shall have a bigger share of market that assist them gain economies of scale and hence become more profitable even in the face of the declining demand. The merger shall further decrease competition and might culminate in higher prices for the consumers of brick products because they are the only firms in the market. The merger has the benefit of the EoS. This occurs where a bigger company with larger output is capable of reducing average-costs (AC). The lower AC can reduce the consumers price. The EoS will be technical, bulky buying, financial and organizational. Technical economies is achieved when the entity has substantial FC hence novel superior organization would have reduced AC (David Myers CEcD 2015). Bulk buying will result where the huger firm will receive discount when it buys bulky quantities of the raw-materials. Financial EoS will result where better rate of interest will be available for the large company. Organizational economies of scale will arise the merger will have one efficient head office rather than two offices. The firm will increase in size due to the merger and hence gain from the many of such factors. The merger will be more efficient, realize profit which enable more RD and struggling firm will benefit from the new management (Polkinghorn 2016). In case the new joint proceeds, the new market will turn into monopoly. This will lead to a rise in price with a reduction in quantity and a subsequent increase in profitability. Since these are only two markets, when they merger they will be similar to monopoly because the only distinguishing feature shall have vanished. The merged firm shall be seeking the maximization of profit by having its output set at a point at which MR equals MC at output QM; price Pm. Price will be increased while the output reduced. The red region denotes supernormal profit (AR-AC)*Q. Cost played a major role in explaining the huge decline in independent booksellers. This is because there was high cost in marketing the products of independent booksellers than the online booksellers. The independent bookstores are inefficient economically because utilities, rent, and a brigade if workers who read books are never affordable hence the solely means for bookstores to remain inundated is selling products at an enormous markup. The cyclone would increase the price and reduce the quantity of bananas in near short run as the price highly elastic. The supply of banana will fall but the demand will be unchanged thereby shifting the supply curve leftwards leading to a rise in the equilibrium price. The demand will remain unchanged but there could be a slight decline in demand in the long run due to rise in prices but in short run, demand will be unchanged. A sharp fall in supply implies less quantity supplied than quantity demanded hence an increase in price as shown: The supply curve shifts from S1 to S2 leftwards leading to a reduction of quantity suppled from Q1 to Q2 and the price increases from P1 to P2 as shown above. It is not strictly true in economic terms that bananas were called luxuries since both demand and supply curve would shift in opposite direction when the quantity decrease which was not the cases here in the short run as the demand remained unchained. No large increase in price would be realized in this case as people could have easily chose to avoid banana. References David Myers CEcD, M.A., 2015. economies of scale. Economic Development Journal, 14(3), p.11. Polkinghorn, A., 2016. Economies of scale. Br J Gen Pract, 66(648), pp.351-351.